Monday, January 10, 2011

Puss in Boots

"Master Cat, or Puss in Boots" (early French: Le Maistre Chat, ou Le Chat Botté, literally "The Booted Cat"), commonly known as "Puss in Boots", is a French literary fairy tale about a cat who uses trickery and deceit to gain power, wealth, and the hand of a princess in marriage for his penniless and low-born master. The tale was written at the close of the seventeenth century by Charles Perrault (1628–1703), a retired civil servant and member of the Académie française. The tale appeared in a handwritten and illustrated manuscript two years before its 1697 publication by Barbin in a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault called Histoires ou contes du temps passé.The book was an instant success and remains popular today.

The tale's immorality has provoked some concern about its influence on young minds, but apparently Perrault composed "Le Maistre Chat" and the other tales of Histoires to reinforce standards of civilized conduct in the upper-class French society of the seventeenth century rather than to provide amusement and instruction for the young. Indeed, Puss has been described by one commentator as "the epitome of the educated bourgeois secretary who serves his master with complete devotion and diligence."

Perrault's Histoires has had considerable impact on world culture. The frontispiece to the earliest English editions depicts an old woman telling tales to a group of children beneath a placard inscribed 'MOTHER GOOSE'S TALES' and is credited with launching the Mother Goose legend in the English-speaking world."Puss in Boots" has provided inspiration for composers, choreographers, and other artists over the centuries. The cat appears in the third act pas de caractère of Tchaikovsky's ballet The Sleeping Beauty, for example, and makes appearances in other media.

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Puss in Boots (Flyer)

A flyer for Puss in Boots
Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, Christmas 1859

English Proverb

A cat has nine lives. For three he plays, for three he strays, and for the last three he stays.

Sunday, January 9, 2011

© Jacob Aue Sobol

© Anders Petersen

© Daido Moriyama

Schroedinger's Cat

On June 7 of 1935, Erwin Schroedinger wrote to Albert Einstein to congratulate him on what is now known as the EPR paper, a famous problem in the interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Soon thereafter, he published what was to become one of the most celebrated paradoxes in quantum theory:





















A cat is placed in a box, together with a radioactive atom. If the atom decays, and the geiger-counter detects an alpha particle, the hammer hits a flask of prussic acid (HCN), killing the cat. The paradox lies in the clever coupling of quantum and classical domains. Before the observer opens the box, the cat's fate is tied to the wave function of the atom, which is itself in a superposition of decayed and undecayed states. Thus, said Schroedinger, the cat must itself be in a superposition of dead and alive states before the observer opens the box, "observes'' the cat, and "collapses'' it's wave function.


Feline Wave Functions


Schroedinger's Cat and the Environment:
Examples from Condensed Matter.

Dissipative Atomic Tunneling

Mossbauer effect

X-Ray edge effect

Kondo effect

Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling and Coherence


References

    E. Schroedinger, Naturwiss. 23 807, (1935), translated to english in "Quantum Theory and Measurement'', ed J.A. Wheeler and W.H. Zurek, Princeton Univ Press (1983)

    Last modified: May 31, 1994